In December 2001, UNESCO designated the Alto Douro Wine Region as a World Heritage site. This unanimous recognition honors the region as the oldest demarcated wine region in the world, established by the Marquês de Pombal in 1756. The Alto Douro is unique for its combination of shale soil, optimal sun exposure, and distinctive microclimate, all enhanced by centuries of human labor.

The landscape of the Alto Douro Wine Region is notable for three main aspects:

1. Uniqueness of the Territory: The region’s distinct geographical and climatic conditions.
2. Wine Culture Integration: The harmonious coexistence of vineyards with olive and almond trees.
3. Diverse Local Architecture: Varied architectural styles that reflect local traditions.

The UNESCO application also highlighted the significant human effort in constructing extensive shale terraces and maintaining the authenticity and integrity of the cultural landscape.